In 10g, oracle used to derive sessions parameter from processes parameter using following formula
(1.1 * PROCESSES) + 5
In 11g R1 onwards it changed to
(1.5 * PROCESSES) + 22
It has another rule though:
If we set lower value of sessions parameters than derived value, Oracle will automatically bump it to above derived value.
If we set higher value of sessions parameters than derived value, Oracle will consider our set value
We can see derived value (4500*1.5)+22=6776 is greater than set value of 5000 in spfile. So its taking derived value for this parameter
Lets change the value in spfile to 7000
Now you can see its taking the set value, because set value of more than derived value of 6776.
